Vai Maʻa & Malohi Maʻa
ʻOmi ʻa e Vai Maʻa Ki he Tuliki Kotoa pe ʻo Mamani
Vai Maʻa & Malohi Maʻa
ʻOmi ʻa e Vai Maʻa Ki he Tuliki Kotoa pe ʻo Mamani
Fua ʻo e RO vai tahi ki he ngaahi vaka: fiemaʻu, houa ngāue, paʻanga ʻuhila, mo e maʻu ʻi tahi.
Ko e mīsini ngaohi vai inu ʻi he vaka ko ha sisitemi reverse osmosis vai tahi ʻoku pau ke ngāue ʻi he tuʻunga kovi taha ʻoku hoko ki he RO: vai 35,000 mg/L, ha tuʻunga ʻoku ngaue, ha paʻanga ʻuhila fakangatangata, pea ʻoku faʻa ʻi ai ha ngaahi uike ʻoku ʻikai ngāue ai ʻi he vahaʻa ngāue. ʻOku kamata ʻa e fua mei he fiemaʻu pea ngata ʻi he paʻanga ʻuhila — pea ʻi he lahi taha ʻo e vaka ko e paʻanga ʻuhila ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi moʻoni ʻa e tali.
ʻOku kehekehe lahi ʻa e ngāueʻaki ʻi he vaka ʻo fakatatau ki he faʻahinga vaka pea mo e fua pe ʻikai ʻa e vai, ko ia ke tokangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fika ko ʻeni ko e ngaahi vahaʻa palani pea fakapapauʻi mei he lekooti ʻa e vaka tonu ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai:
| Faʻahinga vaka | Angamaheni ki he tokotaha ʻi he ʻaho | Meʻa ʻoku ne pule |
|---|---|---|
| Kau ngāue, tokanga ki he vai | 10–20 gal (40–75 L) | Peito, kaukau nounou, ʻikai ha fō |
| Vaka pisinisi mo ha feituʻu fō | 25–40 gal (95–150 L) | ʻOku lahi taha ʻa e fō mo e peito |
| Pasese, vaka fononga pe folau | 50–100+ gal (190–380+ L) | ʻAmanaki ʻa e kau pasese, fufulu ʻo e potu ʻolunga |
Tānaki mavahe ʻa e fufulu ʻo e potu ʻolunga, ʻa e fakafonu ʻo e loki mīsini, mo ha fiemaʻu ngāue — ʻi he ngaahi vaka toutai ʻoku faʻa lahi ange ʻa e aisi mo e fufulu ʻo e loki ika ʻi he ngāueʻaki fakaʻapi.
ʻOua ʻe fakatau ha mīsini ʻoku tatau hono lahi fakahā mo e fiemaʻu ʻi he ʻaho. ʻE fiemaʻu ai ke ngāue ʻi he houa ʻe 24 ʻi he ʻaho taʻe ha atā ki he ʻuli, ki he vai momoko, pe ki ha maumau. Fua koeʻuhi ke fakakakato ʻe he mīsini ʻa e fiemaʻu ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi ngāue ʻokú ke loto moʻoni ke ngāue ai — ko e taimi lahi taha ʻoku ʻosi kavenga ai ʻa e mīsini ʻuhila koeʻuhi ko ha ngaahi ʻuhinga kehe.
Lahi ʻoku fiemaʻu = fiemaʻu ʻi he ʻaho ÷ houa ngāue ʻoku taumuʻa ki ai × 24
Ko ha kau ngāue ʻe toko valu ʻi he 25 gal/tokotaha/ʻaho ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻa e 200 gal/ʻaho. Kapau ʻoku taumuʻa ki he houa ʻe 8, ʻoku 200 ÷ 8 × 24 = 600 GPD ko e lahi fakahā ia. Ko e fika fua ia, pea ko e ʻuhinga ia ʻoku fe'unga ai ha mīsini 500 GPD mo ha kau ngāue ʻe tuku ʻe ha lau vave ʻo e «200 kalone ʻi he ʻaho» ki ha mīsini 200 GPD.
ʻOku fakahā ʻa e lahi fakahā ʻi ha tuʻunga fakafuofua — ko e vai 25 °C ʻi he 35,000 mg/L. ʻOku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻe he vai momoko ʻa e tafe ʻo e membrane ʻi he meimei 3% ki he °C kotoa ʻoku ʻi lalo ʻi he fakafuofua ko ia, ko ia ko e mīsini tatau ʻi he vai ʻo e Tokelau ʻAtalanitiki ʻi he 10 °C ʻoku ne ʻomi ʻa e meimei 60–70% ʻo hono fika. Fua ki he vai momoko taha ʻe ngāue ai ʻa e vaka, ʻo ʻikai ki he fika ʻi he tohi fakatau.
Ko e potu eni ʻoku mavahe mālie ai ʻa e fua fakavaka mei he mīsini ʻi ʻuta. Ko e ngaahi mīsini iiki ʻoku angamaheni ke ngāue taʻe ha meʻa toʻo ʻuhila, pea ʻoku nau totongi ki ai:
| Fokotuʻutuʻu | ʻUhila pau | Ngāueʻanga angamaheni |
|---|---|---|
| SWRO siʻi, taʻe ha toʻo ʻuhila | ~8–15 kWh/m³ | ʻI lalo ʻi he ~1,000 GPD, 12/24 VDC pe AC siʻi |
| SWRO mo ha toʻo ʻuhila | ~3–5 kWh/m³ | Vaka lalahi ange, ngāue hokohoko |
| Mīsini lahi mo ha ERD foʻou | ~2.5–3.5 kWh/m³ | Ngaahi feituʻu ʻi ʻuta mo e ngaahi feituʻu lalahi ʻi tahi |
Ko e ʻuhinga ko e maʻu. Ko e ngaahi mīsini vaka iiki ʻoku angamaheni ke ngāue ʻi he maʻu ʻo e 8–12% — ʻoku nau liʻaki ki tahi ʻa e konga lahi ʻo e vai kuo fakamālohia — ka ko e 35–45% ʻi he SWRO lahi mo ha toʻo ʻuhila. Ko e maʻu siʻi ko e fili ia: ʻoku ne tauhi ke siʻi ʻa e fakatahataha ʻo e māsima mo e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e scale ʻaki ha teuteu siʻi pea taʻe ha antiscalant, ʻa ia ko e fetongi totonu ia ʻi ha vaka ʻoku ʻikai ha tokotaha ngāue. Ka ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ʻoku ngāue lahi ʻa e pamu mālohi ki he vai ʻoku foki hangatonu ki tahi, pea ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he meimei 1,000 GPD ʻoku kamata ha meʻa toʻo ʻuhila ke totongi ia ʻi he lolo.
Ko e vai ʻi he tahi ʻataʻatā ko e vai faingofua taha ia ki he SWRO — siʻi ʻa e ʻuli, tuʻuma'u ʻa e māsima, mo nonga fakaʻekeʻeke. Ko e ngaahi taulanga ʻoku kehe ʻaupito, pea ko e faikehekehe ko ia ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni ngāue:
ʻOku lahi ange ʻa e mate ʻa e membrane ʻi he vaka ʻi he taʻetokangaʻi ʻi he vahaʻa folau ʻi he ngāueʻaki. ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e meʻa ʻe ua:
Ko e vai tahi mo ha potu ʻolunga ʻoku ngaue ko e fakataha faingataʻa ʻaupito. Fokotuʻu ʻa e ukamea taʻe-ʻuli 316L ko e siʻi taha ki he ukamea ʻoku aʻu ki ai ʻa e vai, ʻa e duplex ki he ngaahi konga mālohi ʻi he sisitemi lalahi, mo e ngaahi paipa taʻe-ukamea pe ipu FRP ʻi he taimi ʻoku lava ai. Ko e 304 angamaheni ʻe ʻuli ia ʻi he vai tahi pea ko ha fakamole loi ia ʻi ha sisitemi ʻoku fakaʻamu ke tolonga mo e vaka.
ʻOku ke fua ha mīsini ngaohi vai ki ha vaka? ʻOatu kiate kimautolu ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau ngāue pe pasese, ʻa e houa ngāue ʻoku taumuʻa ki ai, ʻa e ʻuhila ʻoku ʻi ai, mo e vai momoko taha ʻokú ke ʻamanaki ki ai, pea ʻe fua ʻe heʻemau kau ʻenisinia ʻa e sisitemi. Fetuʻutaki ki he ForeverPure pe telefoni ki he +1-408-969-2688.
Fika ʻa e fiemaʻu ʻi he ʻaho, pea vahevahe ʻaki ʻa e houa ngāue ʻokú ke fiemaʻu pea fakalahi ki he houa ʻe 24: ko e lahi ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻoku tatau mo e fiemaʻu ʻi he ʻaho vahevahe ʻaki ʻa e houa ngāue taumuʻa pea fakakaukauʻi ʻaki ʻa e 24. Ko ha kau ngāue ʻe toko valu ʻoku taki taha ngāueʻaki ʻa e kalone ʻe 25 ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻa e kalone ʻe 200 ʻi he ʻaho; ʻi he taumuʻa houa ʻe 8 ʻoku fiemaʻu ai ha mīsini 600 GPD, ʻo ʻikai ko ha 200 GPD.
Ko e kau ngāue ʻoku tokanga ki he vai ʻoku nau angamaheni ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e kalone ʻe 10 ki he 20 (40 ki he 75 lita) ki he tokotaha ʻi he ʻaho. Ko e ngaahi vaka pisinisi mo ha feituʻu fō ʻoku 25 ki he 40 kalone. Ko e ngaahi vaka pasese mo e vaka fononga ʻoku 50 ki he 100 kalone pe lahi ange ki he tokotaha. ʻOku tānaki mavahe ʻa e fufulu ʻo e potu ʻolunga mo e vai ngāue.
Ko e ngaahi mīsini vai tahi iiki taʻe ha toʻo ʻuhila ʻoku nau ngāueʻaki ʻa e meimei 8 ki he 15 kWh ki he mita kupi ʻe taha ʻo e vai magō. Ko hono tānaki ha meʻa toʻo ʻuhila ʻoku ne fakasiʻisiʻi ia ki he meimei 3 ki he 5 kWh/m³. Ko e ngaahi mīsini lalahi ʻi ʻuta mo ha toʻo ʻuhila foʻou ʻoku aʻu ki he 2.5 ki he 3.5 kWh/m³.
Ko e SWRO vaka siʻi ʻoku ne maʻu pē ʻa e 8 ki he 12% ʻo e vai ʻoku ʻoatu, ka ko e 35 ki he 45% ʻi he ngaahi sisitemi lalahi. Ko e maʻu siʻi ʻoku ne tauhi ke siʻi ʻa e fakatahataha ʻo e māsima mo e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e scale taʻe ha antiscalant pe ha tokanga ofi ʻa ha tokotaha ngāue, ʻa ia ʻoku fe'unga mo ha sisitemi taʻe-tokotaha ʻi tahi. Ko e totongi ko e ʻuhila, koeʻuhi ʻoku liʻaki ki tahi ʻa e konga lahi ʻo e vai kuo fakamālohia.
ʻIkai. Ko e lolo mo e ʻoila ʻi he vai ʻo e taulanga ʻe fakaʻuliʻi ʻa e membrane RO ʻo taʻe-lava-fakaleleiʻi, pea ʻoku ʻikai ha teuteu ʻi he vaka ʻe lava ʻo toʻo ʻa e hydrocarbon. Ngaohi pē ʻa e vai ʻi tahi ʻataʻatā mo maʻa.
ʻOku holo ʻa e tafe ʻo e membrane ʻi he meimei 3% ki he tikili Selesiasi kotoa ʻi lalo ʻi he fakafuofua, ʻa ia ko e tikili ʻe 25 angamaheni. ʻI he vai 10 tikili ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he mīsini ʻa e meimei 60 ki he 70% ʻo hono lahi fakahā, ko ia fua ki he vai momoko taha ʻe ngāue ai ʻa e vaka.